Folkedahl, BC
1994
Coal Ash Behavior and Management Tools
Erickson, T.A.; O'Leary, E.M.; Folkedahl, B.C.; Ramanathan, M.; Zygarlicke, C.J.; Steadman, E.N.; Hurley, J.P. and Benson, S.A.
The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1994. Funded by US Department of Energy, Electric Power Research Institute, Tow, Texaco, Shell, Union Electric, Kansas City Power and Light, Minnesota Power and Northern States Power.
Over the past five years, computer-based research tools have been increasingly applied in making important economic and operational decisions in the utility power industry. These tools-which include models, indices, databases, and data manipulation programs-are used by researchers, operators, and managers in the evaluation of coal utilization as an efficient and environmentally acceptable source of energy. Applicable tools that have been developed at, and are currently used by, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) include Partchar©, MINCLASS©, VISCAL©, MANAGER©, ATRAN, LEADER©, PHOEBE©, and PCQUEST©. These software applications range from databases for retrieving coal and coal product analysis, to computer codes to process coal and coal product analysis, to advanced models and indices to evaluate the operational impacts of specific systems.
Inorganic Phase Characterization of Coal Combustion Products Using Advanced SEM Techniques
Folkedahl, B.C.; Steadman, E.N.; Brekke, D.W. and Zygarlicke, C.J.
The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1994. Funded by US Department of Energy, Brigham Young University, Electric Power Research Institute, Dow, Texaco and Shell.
Scanning electron microscopy/electron microprobe analysis (SEM/EMPA) techniques can quantify the inorganic phases present in complex coal combustion materials, as well as provide information on the morphology of the sample. Recent advancements in SEM instrumentation, data manipulation, and automated image analysis techniques have made the routine analysis of a large number of samples and data points possible. The scanning electron microscopy point count (SEMPC) routine, developed at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), randomly selects a statistically valid number of points and analyzes them for chemistry. This routine also allows for the concurrent storage of digitized images and the measurement of sample porosity. A mineral classification of the chemical point data is determined using a new data manipulation program, MINCLASS©. This new program uses carbon and oxygen region of interest (ROI) x-ray counts to differentiate between oxides and metals as well as sulfates and sulfides. A user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) to execute under Windows© has been implemented, which makes the application very easy to learn and use. The GUI allows the user to easily select data sets that may be used to define and classify the chemistries of raw data. Mineral definition data sets have been developed for several types of samples, including coal combustion and gasification. Users may also enter their own mineral definitions for the program to use in the classification of Materials into mineral phases. In conjunction with this new program. MINCLASS©, a viscosity calculation program, VISCALC©, can be used to determine viscosity of silicate materials. This viscosity model will produce visual displays of viscosity distributions. The viscosity calculation also associates a viscosity value with each analysis point in a file. The user can retrieve a stored image and inspect the morphology of the area surrounding each point and relate it to the calculated viscosity. The measurement of porosity, calculation of viscosity, and determination of mineral-phase distribution for a sample are great assets in the characterization and determination of strength development in coal combustion deposits and by-products. The association of chemistry, mineralogy, and morphology is realized, utilizing the SEMPC technique developed at the EERC.
Folkedahl, BC
1994
Coal Ash Behavior and Management Tools
Erickson, T.A.; O'Leary, E.M.; Folkedahl, B.C.; Ramanathan, M.; Zygarlicke, C.J.; Steadman, E.N.; Hurley, J.P. and Benson, S.A.
The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1994. Funded by US Department of Energy, Electric Power Research Institute, Tow, Texaco, Shell, Union Electric, Kansas City Power and Light, Minnesota Power and Northern States Power.
Over the past five years, computer-based research tools have been increasingly applied in making important economic and operational decisions in the utility power industry. These tools-which include models, indices, databases, and data manipulation programs-are used by researchers, operators, and managers in the evaluation of coal utilization as an efficient and environmentally acceptable source of energy. Applicable tools that have been developed at, and are currently used by, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) include Partchar©, MINCLASS©, VISCAL©, MANAGER©, ATRAN, LEADER©, PHOEBE©, and PCQUEST©. These software applications range from databases for retrieving coal and coal product analysis, to computer codes to process coal and coal product analysis, to advanced models and indices to evaluate the operational impacts of specific systems.
Inorganic Phase Characterization of Coal Combustion Products Using Advanced SEM Techniques
Folkedahl, B.C.; Steadman, E.N.; Brekke, D.W. and Zygarlicke, C.J.
The Impact of Ash Deposition on Coal-Fired Plants, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1994. Funded by US Department of Energy, Brigham Young University, Electric Power Research Institute, Dow, Texaco and Shell.
Scanning electron microscopy/electron microprobe analysis (SEM/EMPA) techniques can quantify the inorganic phases present in complex coal combustion materials, as well as provide information on the morphology of the sample. Recent advancements in SEM instrumentation, data manipulation, and automated image analysis techniques have made the routine analysis of a large number of samples and data points possible. The scanning electron microscopy point count (SEMPC) routine, developed at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), randomly selects a statistically valid number of points and analyzes them for chemistry. This routine also allows for the concurrent storage of digitized images and the measurement of sample porosity. A mineral classification of the chemical point data is determined using a new data manipulation program, MINCLASS©. This new program uses carbon and oxygen region of interest (ROI) x-ray counts to differentiate between oxides and metals as well as sulfates and sulfides. A user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) to execute under Windows© has been implemented, which makes the application very easy to learn and use. The GUI allows the user to easily select data sets that may be used to define and classify the chemistries of raw data. Mineral definition data sets have been developed for several types of samples, including coal combustion and gasification. Users may also enter their own mineral definitions for the program to use in the classification of Materials into mineral phases. In conjunction with this new program. MINCLASS©, a viscosity calculation program, VISCALC©, can be used to determine viscosity of silicate materials. This viscosity model will produce visual displays of viscosity distributions. The viscosity calculation also associates a viscosity value with each analysis point in a file. The user can retrieve a stored image and inspect the morphology of the area surrounding each point and relate it to the calculated viscosity. The measurement of porosity, calculation of viscosity, and determination of mineral-phase distribution for a sample are great assets in the characterization and determination of strength development in coal combustion deposits and by-products. The association of chemistry, mineralogy, and morphology is realized, utilizing the SEMPC technique developed at the EERC.