Eaton, AM
2000
PCGC-3
Hill, S.C.; Eaton, A.M. and Smoot, L.D.
(Book chapter, pp. 95-160) in Computational Fluid Dynamics in Combustion, CRC Press. New York, 2000.
Contact: Smoot
1999
Components, Formulations, Solutions, Evaluation, and Application of Comprehensive Combustion Mode
Eaton, A.M.; Smoot, L.D.; Hill, S.C. and Eatough, C.N.
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 25:387-436 (1999).
Development and application of comprehensive, multidimensional, computational combustion models are increasing at a significant pace across the world. While once confined to specialized research computer codes, these combustion models are becoming more readily accessible as features in commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer codes. Simulations made with such computer codes offer great potential for use in analyzing, designing, retrofitting, and optimizing the performance of fossil-fuel combustion and conversion systems.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of comprehensive combustion modeling technology as applied to fossil-fuel combustion processes. This overview is divided into three main parts. First, a brief review of the state-of-the-art of the various components or submodels that are required in a comprehensive combustion model is presented. These submodels embody mathematical and numerical representations of the fundamental principles that characterize the physico-chemical phenomena of interest. The submodel review is limited to those required for characterizing non-premixed, gaseous and pulverized coal gasification and combustion processes. A summary of the submodels that are available in representative computer codes is also presented.
Second, the kinds of data required to evaluate and validate the predictions of comprehensive combustion codes are considered. To be viewed with confidence, code simulations must have been rigorously evaluated and validated by comparison with appropriate experimental data, preferably from a variety of combustor geometries at various geometric scales. Three sets of validation data are discussed in detail. Two sets are from the highly instrumented, pilot-scale combustor called the controlled profile reactor (CPR) (one natural gas-fired and one coal-fired), and the other set is for a full-scale, corner-fired 85 MWe utility boiler.
Third, representative applications of comprehensive combustion models are summarized, and three sets of model simulations are compared with experimental data. The model simulations for the three test cases were made using two commonly used, CFD-based computer codes with comprehensive combustion model features, PCGC-3 and FLUENT 4.4. In addition to the standard version of FLUENT, predictions were also made with a version of FLUENT incorporating advanced submodels for coal reactions and NO pollutant formation.
1993
User's Manual for 93-PCGC-2:Pulverized Coal Gasification and Combustion Model (2-Dimensional) with Generalized Coal Reactions Submodel FG-DVC
Brewster, B.S.; Boardman, R.D.; Huque, Z.; Berrondo, S.K.; Eaton, A.M.; Smoot, L.D.; Zhao, Y.; Solomon, P.R.; Hamblen, D.G.; Serio, M.A.; Charpenay, S.; Best, P.E. and Yu, Z.-Z.
US Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center/Advanced Fuel Research/Brigham Young University Final Contract Report, Vol. II, 1993. Funded by US Department of Energy and Morgantown Energy Technology Center.
A two-dimensional, steady-state model for describing a variety of reactive and non-reactive flows, including pulverized coal combustion and gasification, is presented. Recent code revisions and additions are described. The model, referred to as 93-PCGC-2, is applicable to cylindrical, axi-symmetric systems. Turbulence is accounted for in both the fluid mechanics equations and the combustion scheme. Radiation from gases, walls, and particles is taken into account using a discrete ordinates method. The particle phase is modeled in a Lagrangian framework, such that mean paths of particle groups are followed. A new coal-general devolatilization submodel (FG-DVC) with coal swelling and char reactivity submodels has been added. The heterogeneous reaction scheme allows for both diffusion and chemical reaction. Major gas-phase reactions are modeled assuming local instantaneous equilibrium, and thus the reaction rates are limited by the turbulent rate of mixing. A thermal and fuel NOx finite rate chemistry submodel is included which integrates chemical kinetics and the statistics of the turbulence. A sorbent injection submodel with sulfur capture is included. The gas phase is described by elliptic partial differential equations that are solved by an iterative line-by-line technique. Under-relaxation is used to achieve numerical stability. Both combustion and gasification environments are permissible. User information and theory are presented, along with sample problems.
1991
Detailed Model for Practical Pulverized Coal Furnaces and Gasifiers, Volume II, User Manual for 1990 Version Pulverized Coal Gasification and Combustion 3-Dimensional (90-PCGC-3), Final Report
Smith, P.J.; Smoot, L.D.; Hill, S.C. and Eaton, A.M.
Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center, 1991. Funded by US Department of Energy, Consortium and ACERC.
The theoretical foundations, numerical approach and a guide for users of 90-PCGC-3 are presented. 90-PCGC-3 is a generalized, three-dimensional, steady state model that can be used to predict the behavior of a variety of reactive and non-reactive (isothermal) fluid flows. The model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in three-dimensional, Cartesian coordinates. Turbulence is accounted for in both the fluid mechanics equations and the combustion solution scheme. Major gas-phase reactions are modeled assuming local instantaneous equilibrium, and thus the reaction rates are limited by the turbulent rate of mixing. The gas phase is described by elliptic partial differential equations that are solved by an iterative line-by-line technique. Under-relaxation is used to achieve numerical stability.
Eaton, AM
2000
PCGC-3
Hill, S.C.; Eaton, A.M. and Smoot, L.D.
(Book chapter, pp. 95-160) in Computational Fluid Dynamics in Combustion, CRC Press. New York, 2000.
Contact: Smoot
1999
Components, Formulations, Solutions, Evaluation, and Application of Comprehensive Combustion Mode
Eaton, A.M.; Smoot, L.D.; Hill, S.C. and Eatough, C.N.
Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 25:387-436 (1999).
Development and application of comprehensive, multidimensional, computational combustion models are increasing at a significant pace across the world. While once confined to specialized research computer codes, these combustion models are becoming more readily accessible as features in commercially available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) computer codes. Simulations made with such computer codes offer great potential for use in analyzing, designing, retrofitting, and optimizing the performance of fossil-fuel combustion and conversion systems.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of comprehensive combustion modeling technology as applied to fossil-fuel combustion processes. This overview is divided into three main parts. First, a brief review of the state-of-the-art of the various components or submodels that are required in a comprehensive combustion model is presented. These submodels embody mathematical and numerical representations of the fundamental principles that characterize the physico-chemical phenomena of interest. The submodel review is limited to those required for characterizing non-premixed, gaseous and pulverized coal gasification and combustion processes. A summary of the submodels that are available in representative computer codes is also presented.
Second, the kinds of data required to evaluate and validate the predictions of comprehensive combustion codes are considered. To be viewed with confidence, code simulations must have been rigorously evaluated and validated by comparison with appropriate experimental data, preferably from a variety of combustor geometries at various geometric scales. Three sets of validation data are discussed in detail. Two sets are from the highly instrumented, pilot-scale combustor called the controlled profile reactor (CPR) (one natural gas-fired and one coal-fired), and the other set is for a full-scale, corner-fired 85 MWe utility boiler.
Third, representative applications of comprehensive combustion models are summarized, and three sets of model simulations are compared with experimental data. The model simulations for the three test cases were made using two commonly used, CFD-based computer codes with comprehensive combustion model features, PCGC-3 and FLUENT 4.4. In addition to the standard version of FLUENT, predictions were also made with a version of FLUENT incorporating advanced submodels for coal reactions and NO pollutant formation.
1993
User's Manual for 93-PCGC-2:Pulverized Coal Gasification and Combustion Model (2-Dimensional) with Generalized Coal Reactions Submodel FG-DVC
Brewster, B.S.; Boardman, R.D.; Huque, Z.; Berrondo, S.K.; Eaton, A.M.; Smoot, L.D.; Zhao, Y.; Solomon, P.R.; Hamblen, D.G.; Serio, M.A.; Charpenay, S.; Best, P.E. and Yu, Z.-Z.
US Department of Energy/Morgantown Energy Technology Center/Advanced Fuel Research/Brigham Young University Final Contract Report, Vol. II, 1993. Funded by US Department of Energy and Morgantown Energy Technology Center.
A two-dimensional, steady-state model for describing a variety of reactive and non-reactive flows, including pulverized coal combustion and gasification, is presented. Recent code revisions and additions are described. The model, referred to as 93-PCGC-2, is applicable to cylindrical, axi-symmetric systems. Turbulence is accounted for in both the fluid mechanics equations and the combustion scheme. Radiation from gases, walls, and particles is taken into account using a discrete ordinates method. The particle phase is modeled in a Lagrangian framework, such that mean paths of particle groups are followed. A new coal-general devolatilization submodel (FG-DVC) with coal swelling and char reactivity submodels has been added. The heterogeneous reaction scheme allows for both diffusion and chemical reaction. Major gas-phase reactions are modeled assuming local instantaneous equilibrium, and thus the reaction rates are limited by the turbulent rate of mixing. A thermal and fuel NOx finite rate chemistry submodel is included which integrates chemical kinetics and the statistics of the turbulence. A sorbent injection submodel with sulfur capture is included. The gas phase is described by elliptic partial differential equations that are solved by an iterative line-by-line technique. Under-relaxation is used to achieve numerical stability. Both combustion and gasification environments are permissible. User information and theory are presented, along with sample problems.
1991
Detailed Model for Practical Pulverized Coal Furnaces and Gasifiers, Volume II, User Manual for 1990 Version Pulverized Coal Gasification and Combustion 3-Dimensional (90-PCGC-3), Final Report
Smith, P.J.; Smoot, L.D.; Hill, S.C. and Eaton, A.M.
Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center, 1991. Funded by US Department of Energy, Consortium and ACERC.
The theoretical foundations, numerical approach and a guide for users of 90-PCGC-3 are presented. 90-PCGC-3 is a generalized, three-dimensional, steady state model that can be used to predict the behavior of a variety of reactive and non-reactive (isothermal) fluid flows. The model solves the Navier-Stokes equations in three-dimensional, Cartesian coordinates. Turbulence is accounted for in both the fluid mechanics equations and the combustion solution scheme. Major gas-phase reactions are modeled assuming local instantaneous equilibrium, and thus the reaction rates are limited by the turbulent rate of mixing. The gas phase is described by elliptic partial differential equations that are solved by an iterative line-by-line technique. Under-relaxation is used to achieve numerical stability.