Crelling, JC
1991
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H.; Huai, H. and Karas, J.
Energy & Fuels, 5:688-694, 1991. Funded by US Department of Energy and ACERC.
The objective of the present study is to examine the chemical structure and composition of Utah Wasatch Plateau coal resinite. Macerals were separated from the coal matrix by hand picking, sink-float treatments, and/or density gradient centrifugation (DGC). DGC separation was found to produce highly purified resinite fractions. Resinite-rich Wattis Seam coal samples were collected from fresh mine faces and, after varying degrees of concentration, subjected to C-13 magic angle spinning NMR, Curie-point pyrolysis MS, and Curie-point pyrolysis GC/MS in addition to petrographic analysis and fluorescence microscopy as well as conventional (e.g., ultimate analysis) characterization methods. The data obtained confirm recent findings indicating that the abundant blue/green fluorescing resinite component is a polymeric substance composed of sesquiterpenoid repeat units with a median size of 204 Da, corresponding to the empirical formula C15H24. The monomeric sesquiterpenoid units obtained during pyrolysis appear to represent different degrees of unsaturatization ranging from C15H26 sesquiterpenes to the aromatic C15H18 cadalene. Clearly, sesquiterpenoids constitute the bulk of extractable resinite in Wasatch Plateau field coal and are likely to be important precursors of the abundant extractable alkynaphthalene moieties in such coal.
1990
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H.; Huai, H. and Karas, J.
Energy & Fuels, 1990 (In press). Funded by ACERC and US Department of Energy.
Although the maceral resinite occurs in most U.S. coals, it is particularly abundant in the coal seams of the Wasatch Plateau coalfield in central Utah. The high resinite content of the coals of central Utah has long been known and commercially exploited but little work has been reported on the elucidation of the chemical composition of this material. Details of the chemical structure of the micropetrographically defined maceral resinite have generally been lacking because it is noncrystalline and is only partially soluble in organic solvents. In contrast with the abundance of spectroscopic and chromatographic data available on some of the better known fossil resin types, e.g., Baltic amber, Utah coal resins appear to have generated relatively little interest among coal scientists. The overall objective of the present study was to examine the structure of Utah Wasatch Plateau coal resinite macerals that have been separated from the coal matrix, purified, and most important, carefully characterized by fluorescence spectral analysis. The samples were then analyzed by means of CP/MAS C NMR and by Curie-point pyrolysis in direct combination with mass spectrometry (Py-MS) or via preseparation by gas chromatography (Py-GC/MS).
1987
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H. and Karas, J.
Submitted to Coal Geology, 1987. Funded by ACERC (National Science Foundation and Associates and Affiliates).
Although the maceral resinite occurs in most US coals, it is particularly abundant in the coal seams of central Utah. The high resinite content of the coals of central Utah has long been known and commercially exploited but little work has been reported on the elucidation of the chemical composition of this material. Indeed, there is little such information on the resinite of any coal. The resinite occurrences have been described by Spieker and Baker, Tomlinson, Theissen and Sprunk, and Buranek and Crawford. An unusual feature of the coal seams in Utah is that most of the resinite occurs in a secondary manner as cleat, fissure, or other void fillings. Similar occurrences have been reported in British coals by Jones and Murchison and Murchison and Jones. They concluded that the metamorphic effects of coalification in the bituminous rank range caused the resinite to be gently mobilized without the more severe manifestations of metamorphism such as vesiculation or increased refectance. Teichmuller, observed that secondary resinite (exudatinite) seemed to be exuded from other coal macerals during coalification in the lower bituminous range.
Entrained gasification tests with a Utah high-volatile bituminous coal were performed at atmospheric pressure to assess the influence of particle size, coal feed rate, steam-coal ratio and oxygen-coal ratio. Independent argon-carbon balanced and ash balance methods were used to evaluate carbon conversion, with good agreement observed between the methods. A higher O2-coal ratio for finer particles increased the carbon conversion. Carbon conversion and hydrogen formation showed little dependence on the amount of steam injected in the secondary stream, indicating minimal steam-coal reaction. When the coal feed rate was varied from 23 to 27 kgh-1, a small increase in carbon conversion was observed with no significant change in the gas composition.
Crelling, JC
1991
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H.; Huai, H. and Karas, J.
Energy & Fuels, 5:688-694, 1991. Funded by US Department of Energy and ACERC.
The objective of the present study is to examine the chemical structure and composition of Utah Wasatch Plateau coal resinite. Macerals were separated from the coal matrix by hand picking, sink-float treatments, and/or density gradient centrifugation (DGC). DGC separation was found to produce highly purified resinite fractions. Resinite-rich Wattis Seam coal samples were collected from fresh mine faces and, after varying degrees of concentration, subjected to C-13 magic angle spinning NMR, Curie-point pyrolysis MS, and Curie-point pyrolysis GC/MS in addition to petrographic analysis and fluorescence microscopy as well as conventional (e.g., ultimate analysis) characterization methods. The data obtained confirm recent findings indicating that the abundant blue/green fluorescing resinite component is a polymeric substance composed of sesquiterpenoid repeat units with a median size of 204 Da, corresponding to the empirical formula C15H24. The monomeric sesquiterpenoid units obtained during pyrolysis appear to represent different degrees of unsaturatization ranging from C15H26 sesquiterpenes to the aromatic C15H18 cadalene. Clearly, sesquiterpenoids constitute the bulk of extractable resinite in Wasatch Plateau field coal and are likely to be important precursors of the abundant extractable alkynaphthalene moieties in such coal.
1990
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H.; Huai, H. and Karas, J.
Energy & Fuels, 1990 (In press). Funded by ACERC and US Department of Energy.
Although the maceral resinite occurs in most U.S. coals, it is particularly abundant in the coal seams of the Wasatch Plateau coalfield in central Utah. The high resinite content of the coals of central Utah has long been known and commercially exploited but little work has been reported on the elucidation of the chemical composition of this material. Details of the chemical structure of the micropetrographically defined maceral resinite have generally been lacking because it is noncrystalline and is only partially soluble in organic solvents. In contrast with the abundance of spectroscopic and chromatographic data available on some of the better known fossil resin types, e.g., Baltic amber, Utah coal resins appear to have generated relatively little interest among coal scientists. The overall objective of the present study was to examine the structure of Utah Wasatch Plateau coal resinite macerals that have been separated from the coal matrix, purified, and most important, carefully characterized by fluorescence spectral analysis. The samples were then analyzed by means of CP/MAS C NMR and by Curie-point pyrolysis in direct combination with mass spectrometry (Py-MS) or via preseparation by gas chromatography (Py-GC/MS).
1987
The Chemical Structure and Petrology of Resinite from the Hiawatha "B" Coal Seam
Crelling, J.C.; Pugmire, R.J.; Meuzelaar, H.L.C.; McClennen, W.H. and Karas, J.
Submitted to Coal Geology, 1987. Funded by ACERC (National Science Foundation and Associates and Affiliates).
Although the maceral resinite occurs in most US coals, it is particularly abundant in the coal seams of central Utah. The high resinite content of the coals of central Utah has long been known and commercially exploited but little work has been reported on the elucidation of the chemical composition of this material. Indeed, there is little such information on the resinite of any coal. The resinite occurrences have been described by Spieker and Baker, Tomlinson, Theissen and Sprunk, and Buranek and Crawford. An unusual feature of the coal seams in Utah is that most of the resinite occurs in a secondary manner as cleat, fissure, or other void fillings. Similar occurrences have been reported in British coals by Jones and Murchison and Murchison and Jones. They concluded that the metamorphic effects of coalification in the bituminous rank range caused the resinite to be gently mobilized without the more severe manifestations of metamorphism such as vesiculation or increased refectance. Teichmuller, observed that secondary resinite (exudatinite) seemed to be exuded from other coal macerals during coalification in the lower bituminous range.
Entrained gasification tests with a Utah high-volatile bituminous coal were performed at atmospheric pressure to assess the influence of particle size, coal feed rate, steam-coal ratio and oxygen-coal ratio. Independent argon-carbon balanced and ash balance methods were used to evaluate carbon conversion, with good agreement observed between the methods. A higher O2-coal ratio for finer particles increased the carbon conversion. Carbon conversion and hydrogen formation showed little dependence on the amount of steam injected in the secondary stream, indicating minimal steam-coal reaction. When the coal feed rate was varied from 23 to 27 kgh-1, a small increase in carbon conversion was observed with no significant change in the gas composition.