Brouwer, J
1997
Waste Incineration for Resource Recovery in a Regenerative Life Support System
Brouwer, J.; Kemp, G.; Heap, M.P.; Lighty, J.S.; Burton, B.; Sirdeshpande, A.; Inkley, D.; Pershing, D.W.; Fisher, J. and Pisharody, S.
Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Spring 1997
For the last two years, the University of Utah and Reaction Engineering International, in cooperation with Ames Research Center, have been developing a waste incineration system for regenerative life support systems. The system is designed to burn inedible plant biomass and human waste. The exhaust gas is currently designed to recycle back to the plant growth chamber and will eventually be recycled to the human chamber after passing through a Trace Contaminant Control System. The incineration system, a fluidized bed reactor, has been designed for a 4-person mission. This paper will detail the design of the components of this system. In addition, results will be presented from testing at the University of Utah. Presently, the unit has been shipped to Ames Research Center for more tests prior to delivery to Johnson Space Center for testing in a 90-day, 4-person test.
Waste Incineration for Resource Recovery in a Bioregenerative Life Support System
Lighty, J.S.; Burton, B.; Sirdeshpande, A.; Inkley, D.; Pershing, D.W.; Brouwer, J.; Kemp, G.; Heap, M.P.; Fisher, J. and Pisharody, S.
27th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, July 14-17, 1997
For the last two years, the University of Utah and Reaction Engineering International, in cooperation with NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), have been developing a waste incineration system for regenerative life support systems. The system is designed to burn inedible plant biomass and human waste. The goal is to obtain an exhaust gas clean enough to recycle to either the plant or human habitats. The incineration system, a fluidized bed reactor, has been designed for a 4-person mission. This paper will detail the design of the units. In addition, results will be presented from testing at the University of Utah. Presently, the unit has been shipped to Ames Research Center for more tests prior to delivery to Johnson Space Center for testing in a 90-day, 4-person test.
1996
The Formation and Control of NOx Emissions from Biomass Combustion
Pershing, D.W.; Lighty, J.S.; Harding, S.N.; Brouwer, J.; Heap, M.P.; Munro, J.M. and Winter, R.M.
Proceedings from the Finnish-Swedish Flame Days, Naantali, Finland, September, 1996. Funded by Environmental Protection Agency, US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation.
Biomass fuels account for a significant fraction of the worldwide energy usage. In 1990 consumption is believed to have exceeded 13 quads according to Tillman (1991). This does not include the combustion of peat that is known to be widely used in some northern European countries and in parts of the former Soviet Union. Biomass energy consumption is also a significant fraction of total energy usage in many developing nations. Hence, emissions from combustion of biofuels are of interest to the environmental community.
Most biomass materials generally produce lower NOx emissions when they are burned than their fossil fuel counterparts, but under certain conditions NOx emissions can be significant. Biomass fuels usually contain relatively limited amounts of organic nitrogen (often 0.1 ± 0.1%) so NOx formation from fuel nitrogen is generally small (except in the case of peat and some plant wastes). Biofuels also tend to burn at cooler combustion temperatures (due to higher moisture contents and the presence of oxygen in the fuel structure), which tends to minimize the formation of NOx by the thermal mechanism (the high temperature fixation of N2 in the combustion air).
The purpose of this paper is review the available information on the formation and the control of NOx emissions during the combustion of biofuels alone and in combination with fossil fuels and/or wastes. Both laboratory and pilot scale studies have been included, as well as full scale field test results where they are generally available.
Brouwer, J
1997
Waste Incineration for Resource Recovery in a Regenerative Life Support System
Brouwer, J.; Kemp, G.; Heap, M.P.; Lighty, J.S.; Burton, B.; Sirdeshpande, A.; Inkley, D.; Pershing, D.W.; Fisher, J. and Pisharody, S.
Western States Section of the Combustion Institute, Spring 1997
For the last two years, the University of Utah and Reaction Engineering International, in cooperation with Ames Research Center, have been developing a waste incineration system for regenerative life support systems. The system is designed to burn inedible plant biomass and human waste. The exhaust gas is currently designed to recycle back to the plant growth chamber and will eventually be recycled to the human chamber after passing through a Trace Contaminant Control System. The incineration system, a fluidized bed reactor, has been designed for a 4-person mission. This paper will detail the design of the components of this system. In addition, results will be presented from testing at the University of Utah. Presently, the unit has been shipped to Ames Research Center for more tests prior to delivery to Johnson Space Center for testing in a 90-day, 4-person test.
Waste Incineration for Resource Recovery in a Bioregenerative Life Support System
Lighty, J.S.; Burton, B.; Sirdeshpande, A.; Inkley, D.; Pershing, D.W.; Brouwer, J.; Kemp, G.; Heap, M.P.; Fisher, J. and Pisharody, S.
27th International Conference on Environmental Systems, Lake Tahoe, Nevada, July 14-17, 1997
For the last two years, the University of Utah and Reaction Engineering International, in cooperation with NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), have been developing a waste incineration system for regenerative life support systems. The system is designed to burn inedible plant biomass and human waste. The goal is to obtain an exhaust gas clean enough to recycle to either the plant or human habitats. The incineration system, a fluidized bed reactor, has been designed for a 4-person mission. This paper will detail the design of the units. In addition, results will be presented from testing at the University of Utah. Presently, the unit has been shipped to Ames Research Center for more tests prior to delivery to Johnson Space Center for testing in a 90-day, 4-person test.
1996
The Formation and Control of NOx Emissions from Biomass Combustion
Pershing, D.W.; Lighty, J.S.; Harding, S.N.; Brouwer, J.; Heap, M.P.; Munro, J.M. and Winter, R.M.
Proceedings from the Finnish-Swedish Flame Days, Naantali, Finland, September, 1996. Funded by Environmental Protection Agency, US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation.
Biomass fuels account for a significant fraction of the worldwide energy usage. In 1990 consumption is believed to have exceeded 13 quads according to Tillman (1991). This does not include the combustion of peat that is known to be widely used in some northern European countries and in parts of the former Soviet Union. Biomass energy consumption is also a significant fraction of total energy usage in many developing nations. Hence, emissions from combustion of biofuels are of interest to the environmental community.
Most biomass materials generally produce lower NOx emissions when they are burned than their fossil fuel counterparts, but under certain conditions NOx emissions can be significant. Biomass fuels usually contain relatively limited amounts of organic nitrogen (often 0.1 ± 0.1%) so NOx formation from fuel nitrogen is generally small (except in the case of peat and some plant wastes). Biofuels also tend to burn at cooler combustion temperatures (due to higher moisture contents and the presence of oxygen in the fuel structure), which tends to minimize the formation of NOx by the thermal mechanism (the high temperature fixation of N2 in the combustion air).
The purpose of this paper is review the available information on the formation and the control of NOx emissions during the combustion of biofuels alone and in combination with fossil fuels and/or wastes. Both laboratory and pilot scale studies have been included, as well as full scale field test results where they are generally available.